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Pacaya
Samiria National Park. |
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The
Pacaya-Samiria National Resrve was established February
4, 1982 by means of the Supreme Law # 016-82-AG.
This National Reserve is located in the Loreta region,
in the Provinces of Loreta, Requena, Ucayali and Alto
Amazonas. It has a surface area of 2,080,000 hectares
and due to it's size it is the largest in the country,
the second largest in the Amazon, and the fourth in
South America. It's central position in the Peruvian
Amazon, as well as it's great expansion assure
conservation of representative samples of the tropical
humid forests ecosystems and supports investigations of
the wild flora and fauna ( land and water).
The fauna of the reserve is abundant and diverse. The
number of mammal species reaches 132 species, those
which stand out are the rodents and monkeys. There are
330 bird species registered, 23 of them are migratory,
corresponding to 17% of all birds reported for the
country. The reptiles and amphibians are estimated to be
more than 150 species grouped into 20 families and they
have reports of the existence of 220 fish species.
The aquatic fauna is the most important resource of the
reserve, among the fish are the Pirarucu (Arapaima
gigas), known for their great size and quality of their
meat. Also, found here are the Giant South American
Turtle (Podocnemis expansa), the Amazon Ox Manatee (Trichechus
inunguis), the Amazon River Dolphin (Inia geoffrensis)
and the Tucuxi or River Dolphin (Sotalia fluviatilis).
In the reserve they protect 4 species which are in
danger of extinction: En la Reserva se protegen cuatro
especies en peligro de extinción: the black spider
monkey (Ateles paniscus), the yellow-chested spider
monkey (Ateles beltzebuth), the woolly monkey (Lagothrix
lagotricha) and the Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis).
The vegetation is one of the most diverse among the
tropical humid forest. Until now, they have determined
847 species, which are grouped into 118 families; of
these 22 are orchids. The palm trees occupy a great area
of the reserve, the majority of them being the specie
morete palm (Mauritia flexuosa).
Among the timber-yielding and economically important
trees you can find: the spanish cedar (cedrella odorata),
the quinine bark (Cinchona officinalis), the mahogany
tree (Maena Capimori), the cacao (Theobroma cacao), the
chuchuhuasa (Noxythece sp.), the hormiga caspi (Durdia
eriophila), the huairuro (Ormosia amazonica), the white
dragon (Chorisia insignis) and the el machín sapote (Quararibea
bicolor).
The principle objectives of the Pacaya-Samiria National
Reserve are: conservation of the representative
ecosystems of the lower jungle of the Peruvian Amazon,
preserving it's genetic diversity, supporting the
research on the wild flora and fauna of the land and
water, assuring adequate handling; especially of the
species which are threatened and those of use now and of
potential use, to facilitate the socioeconomic
development of the surrounding towns by means of
rational utilization of the wild fauna and flora as well
as encouraging local tourism.
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